Euthyphro (Platos Early Dialogues) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Euthyphro (Platos Early Dialogues) - Essay Example Does God call something right or moral because it is right or moral or does is something right or moral because God calls it moral? Therefore, if God calls an act moral because it is moral, then morality or goodness will be seen as priori to Gods Command and thus, it is independent of God. On the other hand, if an act is moral because God says it is moral or right, then it implies that whatever God says it is right (Hamilton and Cairns 37). In addition, this also implies that Gods command of what is moral is arbitrary since the same God could have willed contrary commands. The dialogue presents the challenge that was intended to make us think about the nature of morality. Therefore, when Socrates asks Euthyphro about his definition of the word piety, Euthyphro was required to identify the nature of virtue or morality by establishing on what ground does morality or virtue stand on. It is difficult for an atheist to discover the ground on which morality stands on because they claim tha t they can have ethics or morals without God. Certainly, an atheist can behave in a way that people perceive moral or good but it is really hard to define what the term ultimately means (Plato 10a). It may imply complying with objective standard of morality or good, a policy or law given by legitimate authority without involving a transcendent law maker-the gods. This means that there can be no transcendent law maker and no corresponding duty to be good. Most Christians oppose the argument that there is an arbitrary role of God’s power and rejects the idea that there is no law or policy over God. Then, where does morality stands? Morality can be said to be grounded in the divine and immutable character of God who is perfectly good in that his commands are not whims but planted in his holiness. Christians argue that any bad things that happen are not commanded by God because his character is that he is holy and merciful. For Christians, morality is rooted in God’s chara cter which expresses itself in the commands of God and it is not above him. In sum, whatever is good is always commanded by God not that it is good so that God commands it to be good (Cooper 41). Christians argue that God ultimately determines the pious or morality and that the commands of God are expression of his desires and will for what human beings ought to do. This is because such argument presents a metaphysical foundation of piety or morality. Human beings need to be committed to the existence of moral truths in order for them to live in accordance with the will of God. This means the existence of moral truths for people since they have moral obligation to obey what God commands. This is so because Christians believe that their moral obligation comes from God in form of commands. Thus, people ought to be moral because they are morally accountable to God in that those people who do not obey him will be punished and good people will receive rewards (Plato 10b). Plato’s dialogue regarding the nature of morality or goodness is still being raised even today as a challenge to Christianity in that many Christians ask themselves is an action or act good or right because God says it is right or does god say it is good or right because the act is right. The Euthyphro dilemma is traced in

HCM367-0801B-01 The Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Project Essay

HCM367-0801B-01 The Health Care Organization - Phase 2 Project - Essay Example own lovingly as Doc Vinny is well respected and admired by both the board of directors and the other senior leaders of Vitruvian health plan and Vitruvian physician partners. A change in the environment brought along with change in the senior management is always hard to accept at first; however it becomes easy if the change brings out more positive outcomes than negative consequences. Doc Vinny is a very pleasant and affable person, which makes it easier for the patients and the workforce to get along wit him. He seems to be the type that will allow everyone to perform their tasks with their control and allow freedom of decision making but under a strict eye. A lot of success and growth of Vitruvian Health plan can be accredited to his personalized of way of dealing with people. When it comes to being a leader, your human skills are as important as your technical knowledge. Doc Vinny fulfills both criteria at par. As a CFO, I know how important business clients are to this organizat ion; it is not only the patients but people who invest in the company that matter. Dr. Durro’s leadership style appeals to all and he has used his style to make relationships and ties that have helped him to build a several related companies that contributed to his "healthcare for all" philosophy that he has believed in ever since has graduated from medical school. His leadership style is more participative and democratic, which I think in today’s world is the key to success. His leadership style will have a positive impact on the people of VH as well people from VPP as his easygoing nature and people skills will keep the team close to each other. he is capable of creating an open and friendly organizational culture. (Clark, 1997) Doc Vinny, unlike Dr. Montenegro is completely inspired by technology. Dr. Montenegro did not believe in investing in expensive technology and investing in the computer systems. He was used to working with more traditional methods of management. Since

Garten Haus Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Garten Haus Project - Assignment Example The new construction takes into account aptly the congestion factor and ensures that the old construction and old standardized look of the community does not get affected, thereby it has reduced the licenses to 48 from 52. The public safety, fulfillment of the technical factors which include the height consideration, spacing factor, the pedestrians safety factor, ground usage percentage factor, and most importantly the traffic factor since with time, area has become congested and finding parking space for your cars has become a nuisance, thereby the new design must ensure facilitation of more vehicles, at the same time ensuring that the other factors are not compromised due to it. The neighborhood is in such a state and outfit that change in one segment and one area would allow a change in other areas of the community as well, therefore each of the action of amendment must be taken with due consideration of the surrounding factors. While the aforementioned factors are to be taken into account, the Panel took each of these into consideration before reaching a conclusion. A penal of eight members was established for this purpose to adjudicate whether the proposed construction and modification would be any help towards the presently prevailing situation. The structures are designed to facilitate multiple families in the apartments. These apartments are 3 story apartments spread over roughly around 0.25 acres. The property has been in function since 1975.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report - Essay Example All these were visiting artist from Kenya and most off the audience were Africans who had come to enjoy their music. The song that was played is known as Ogallo Nyakalaga. This is from the composition of Suzzana Owiyo who was also the main artist performing the song. It was the first time that the song was being performed and so many people who anxious to know how it would come out since she had talked a lot about it. This was an Afro-fusion song that combined the native Luo songs and instruments and tried to modernize it. Most of the attendees were also from the Luo tribe. The song was written in Native language and so it was hard for me to understand what she was saying but I could tell from the crowd what was going on. The song was also accompanied by the local afro-fusion dance which is a soft simple dance which involves the ladies dancing with the men but no contact is allowed. Afro-fusion music fuses traditional African music with modern music. It tries to make the African musi c modern through the use of modern instruments that were not used before and also through the use of modern dance and words. However most of the other styles of the song remain traditional with differences only coming at some points of the play. Another song that was played is known as Ndoa. The song was from Anayo a local Kenyan musician. The song was a mixed gospel with the lingala genre of music. The composition was from Anayo and the song involves vigorous dances with the dancers jumping up and down sweating. It has a song that was supposed to make the crowd in the party mood and make them feel that they were partying. One characteristic feature of this song is that it is fast and the beats are heard more than the words which were in Swahili. The other song that was played is known as Kisumu City. This song was played to praise the city of Kisumu. The song also had fast beats which were accompanied with the beats from the drum which was supposed to make the audience dance to the m. The dancing was also kind of rough with some men going to the extent of lifting up the ladies up. The guitar was used as an accompaniment in the concert. The guitarist used the technique of going high when the beats were low and sometimes going so low when the beats were high. This created a presence of the guitar in the crowd and made someone notice its presence. The guitar was also used to start the song and every song began with the guitar being played for almost 5 minutes before the other beats were introduced. The high point from my opinion in the performance was when the drums were used to add to the beats of the keyboard. This is when the beats were so high and the crowd also showed by the way that they danced. This was accompanied by low guitar plays and high verbal plays. The performance was good with the mixing of all necessary elements of music that made the night enjoyable. Most of the people who attended the concert looked certified and only few people left the place before the end of the time showing that they liked the performance. The audience also had lots of reaction to the performance by shouting whenever a performance was at its peak and also dancing to the beats of the song with the other dancers and performance. The audience sometimes sang the songs to go with how the performers were singing so that it looked like they already knew the songs. The order of the song was well planned. It started with slow smooth songs with very soft dances but as time went on, the pace of the beats

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OSHA Legal Aspects of Safety and Health - Essay Example The conference happens after the compliance officer has identified him/herself (OSHA, 2011). They are supposed to inform the manager of the scope of their inspection and criteria followed to select the firm. They are also supposed to specify the standards that are to apply and the general purpose. They should also offer information on how the manager can access a copy of applicable standards and then asks to be given an employer representative who will attend the inspection; an employee representative may also accompany them in case there is a safety committee in place (OSHA, 2011). In case there are some issues between the management and the employees then separate opening conferences are initiated. On the other hand the employer has the right to reduce or expand the scope but under reasonable grounds where the officer should in turn inform them on their responsibilities and obligations as the employer. References OSHA (2011). Discussions in the opening conference. Retrieved 18 Jan. 2011 from, http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9690

Factors affecting the activity of enzymes Essay Example for Free

Factors affecting the activity of enzymes Essay Factors affecting the activity of enzymes Aim: to investigate the factors affecting the activity of enzymes. Factors: The factors that could possibly affect the activity of enzymes are: Temperature: rate of reaction increases as temperature increases. Concentration of enzyme: rate of reaction increases as concentration of enzyme increases. pH: extremes of pH denature enzymes. Surface area: rate of reaction increases as surface area increases. Inhibitors: if there are any impurities, then they will restrict the rate of the reaction. Key Factor: I will be using temperature as a variable, and keeping all other factors constant. Therefore, testing temperature as the key factor. Prediction: I believe, that as the temperature of the starch and amylase increases, as will the rate of the reaction. However, once the optimum temperature is reached, the amylase will stop working. Hypothesis: The reason I believe that as the temperature of the starch and amylase increases, as will the rate of the reaction, is because of the collision theory. The collision theory tells us, that the more the solution is heated, the more the particles inside vibrate. Therefore, if the different particles are vibrating a lot more, it means that they will collide a lot more, and so the reaction will occur a lot faster. So in the case of the experiment we will be doing; the higher the temperature of the starch and amylase, the more these particles will vibrate and collide, and so the faster the amylase will be broken down. I also believe, that once an optimum temperature is reached, the amylase will stop working. This is because, above a certain temperature, enzymes, being proteins are denatured (change shape), and so can no longer combine with the substances. Fair Test: In order to make this a fair test, the following things must be taken into account: Ensure that the volumes of amylase and starch are constant. Ensure that the pH levels of the starch and amylase are the same. Ensure that all the apparatus are totally clean, i. e. have no impurities. Ensure that the temperature of the solutions remain the same as planned. Ensure that the temperatures of the water baths and ice bath are kept as constant as possible. Ensure that the starch and amylase solution is kept in the water bath in between each 30-second gap, so as to ensure a constant temperature throughout. Method: Two test-tubes, one filled with 5mg of starch suspension, and one filled with 5mg of amylase solution, are both put into a tub of ice. Whilst these are left inside the tub to cool down, droplets of iodine solution are put in each cavity of the spotting tray. Once the temperatures of the starch and amylase solution have become constant, then they are mixed together, and a droplet of this solution is then added to the first cavity of iodine. The test-tube is then put back in the ice tub, and then every 30 seconds, another droplet of the solution is added to a different cavity of iodine, until the purple colour that should appear, has disappeared. The time taken for the purple colour to disappear, is then recorded. When the purple colour disappears, it means that the amylase has totally broken down the starch. The same process is then repeated, but in water baths, with temperatures of 30? C, 50? C, and one is also done in room temperature. Everything is then repeated once more, and the average times for each temperature are calculated. Diagram: Apparatus: The following apparatus will be used in the experiment: 3 water baths tub pipette 2 syringes 2 beakers 2 test-tubes spotting tray thermometer test-tube holder Results: Temperature (i C) 0i C 20i C 30i C 50i C Time Attempt 1 450secs 270secs 180secs 210secs taken for Attempt 2 480secs 300secs 180secs 210secs starch to Average 465secs 285secs 180secs 210secs disappear 1/T 1/465secs 1/285secs 1/180secs 1/210secs Graph: Conclusion: To a certain extent my hypothesis was correct, but there still were some unforeseen results. For example, I mentioned in my hypothesis that as the temperature of the starch and amylase increases, as will the rate of the reaction. As the graph shows, the rate of reaction did increase as the temperature increased, but only to a point; after 30? C, the rate of reaction began to decrease. However, in my hypothesis, I mentioned that once a high enough temperature is reached, the amylase would stop working. This of course was incorrect, because once it reached 30? C, the amylase did not stop working, it just became less efficient. One thing I noticed whilst looking at the results table, was that as the temperature increased by 10? C, the rate of reaction doubled. This would explain why the graph increases steadily at the beginning, and then starts to steeply increase. Errors and Improvements: Some of the results may have been inaccurate, due to the 30-second range in between each time another droplet is added to a cavity of iodine. This could have been improved upon, by making it only a 5-second range for example, because the exact time when the starch disappears would be closer to the time recorded than with a 30-second range. An example as to why a couple of the results may not have been proportional, is when the starch and amylase were put in the ice tub. It is very unlikely that the solutions would have reached 0? C and remained constant. This could have been improved upon, by putting the solutions in a freezer instead, because it would keep to the same temperature throughout. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Post-modern management Essay Example for Free

Post-modern management Essay It has always been the goal of man to be able to describe humanity and the world in which they live in. In doing this, we are inclined to search for answers, to find resolutions to our needs and problems. Decisions become important and the ability to use knowledge to make intelligent choices become essential. It is not such a wonder then that through all those years, man has developed countless theories and practices and had reinforced them with countless examples. In the world of management and leadership, the conventional approach to things involves a rigid and tested way of creating solutions. Traditional management science, furthermore, involves the use of computational processes to organizational decision making. It starts off with the recognition and definition of the problem in the real world. The ultimate goal then is to find what is needed is to be able to bridge what the present situation lacks to what the intended result is. It is a beginning of the search for improvement. Conventional methods use an idealized and linear manner to fuse the problem and a known pattern or puzzle to create a solvable model. To make a good intellectual decision, it is necessary to conduct optimization, forecasting, modeling and simulation, and decision analysis. It involves finding out what the best feasible option is, what it entails for the future and what its result would be for varying situations. Models are used wherein the object is to be able to match a puzzle to represent the problem in the real world. Traditional models such as linear and dynamic programming, queuing, discrete-event simulation and causal models are used and from all of these, ultimately the best decision is made. This discipline has become integrated to the basic field of management and has become a standard for various functions of business. (Whalen, 2001) In the context of marketing, traditional methods of simplification and reduction to formulae are used. Highly structured devices, pre-determined market and brand standards are employed to achieve desirable goals. Marketers are the one controlling and driving these goals and therefore consumers respond to this. (McKernon) Robbins, in the article of Summers et al. , further reinforces these patterns of cause and effect by relating organizational behavior through scientific methods. The real world is â€Å"mirrored† by organizational behavior through methods of investigating behavior†. (Summers, 1997) Robbins argues that most of the generalizations of man are made on the basis of intuition, not proven facts and thus investigation is needed. Intuition is likened to common sense and that, most of the times, it is inaccurate. Robbins further explains that common sense is different for different groups of people and that investigation tackles diversity. By investigating, managers can better and more precisely handle and predict the behavior of their personnel. This investigation must be coupled with good research especially on the comparison and weighing trade-offs. The use of case studies, surveys, and experiments must be implemented. Robbins further reiterates that generalizations and conclusions must be based on systematic study, scientific evidence supported by verified data. Organizational behavior knowledge is attained by avoiding intuitive approach and focusing more on knowledge based on meta-quantification analysis and surveys. (Summers, 1997) The leader or manager eventually uses these techniques to properly guide the organization and his/her employees. Optimal leadership ultimately depends on internal and external factors. In the organizational behavior perspective, leaders use contingencies such as national culture, gender and race to improve and strengthen the relationship with subordinates. This contingency theory theoretically provides the manager with the capability to independently make decisions and to do amendments necessary to obtain the desired result. Summers et al. , argue that this is a one-sided view. The conventional organizational behavior methods only show how managers can exercise their influence on the workers but not the other way around. Traditional ways involve exploitation and discipline and encourages an ideology of domination. â€Å"Managers are taught skills in getting workers to accept the status quo, to get ahead and to get along with others but not to question the game plan†. (Summers, 1997) As evident in the deconstruction of Robbins article, Summers et al. propose a de-emphasis on this rigid structure of conventional management. Whalen et al advocate this postmodern view and puts focus on discourses and de-emphasized precise and fixed meanings. With this premise, the dynamic quality in knowledge is established. Soft computing is rallied to be a faster, more creative approach to solutions although admittedly, it welcomes inaccuracy and ambiguity. In the perspective of knowledge management, however, this postmodern approach provides ways for problem management that cannot be quantified through mathematical computations. Whalen et al. further discuss three types of knowledge approach, creation by means of evolutionary and neurocomputing, deployment through decision support systems, and discovery by data mining, applied virtual reality and data visualization. In neural methods, the model build on gathered data and experimentation and proceeds by the random systematic search. The model is based on a fixed database and relies on the matching that of an existent criterion. With experimentation, on the other hand, the aim is to look for an action from a set of choices and parameters that would result to the desired outcome. Decision support systems may also use the case-based approach. Knowledge is derived from various case studies and banks on experiential logic to create the optimal response to a problem. Moreover, data mining utilizes different techniques to look for patterns that associate and correlate various fields of databases. Data visualization and virtual reality applications likewise bring the important contribution of human perception that is irreplaceable by artificial computer simulations. Whalen et al. stress the importance of humanizing the decision process and that the organization’s stakeholders are best catered to when managers are able to produce the right choices that assert the organization’s goals and mission. As the world is getting more complex and dynamic, a postmodern stance must be advocated and that this will â€Å"greatly advance our ability to understand how humans make perception based rational decisions in an environment of imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth† (Whalen, 2001) The postmodernism approach also applies to consumer marketing. The media and marketing are important to aid the people in knowing and explaining the things around them and the events that are occurring. While the consumers are getting smarter, a need for a more suited method arises. In postmodern marketing, the styles of consuming and strategies of the consumer are given more emphasis and focus. In an environment that is mobile and complex, sustainable dynamic techniques must be employed. This approach challenges diversity and creates avenues for discourse among differing people. This is beneficial to managers, employees, consumers, and stakeholders alike. With the right facilitation of information, a brand can reach more of its market and thus generate more favorable returns. Postmodernist approach also banks on the use of critique and story-telling for consumers. Effective stories would be able to connect to the consumer and that its result relies on its ability to provide the consumers with meaning and explanations. Critique, on the other hand, is essential for a brand in that it generates feedback; whether it was a success or not depends on the informed reactions of the users. Reinvention and smooth changing of styles are important techniques in a rapidly changing world. A careful way of guiding the consumers from the familiar and traditional to the contemporary and new must be done with good aptitude. McKernon) It is a fact that the world has increasingly become more complex and ever-changing. At the very least, the knowledge that we have to gain and understand about life in general is much more vast and challenging and that traditional methods and techniques for problem solving, whether in organizational behavior or marketing might actually be lacking in such that they may not be able to solve and explain the entirety of the world’ s troubles and unquantifiable conceptions. It is therefore imperative that a healthy mix of traditional and postmodernist approach to business and management be utilized to be able to grasp more of what the world is telling us. Leaders, employees, customers and stakeholders alike must be able to make informed decisions and take into consideration the various models, theories and practices both old and new for them to make real and objective sense of the world and its organization.