Fashion Analysis Essay - 1145 Words

Fashion Observation Analysis 1. Go to a public place and OBSERVE the community of people in that place for at least 30 minutes; perhaps as long as 60 minutes. In your report, describe the setting and note the date and time of your observation. Describe the element of â€Å"community† that you observed. The public place, in which I chose to observe fashion, was a community fall festival. This festival occurs once a year and brings people from several communities. I arrived at the festival in early afternoon, around 12:30 pm. The festival was just starting to get crowded. At this time there were mostly families with children present. I observed numerous families with babies in strollers. There were at least twenty â€Å"vendor† booths†¦show more content†¦The women were dressed casually and many of them were wearing knee high boots over their jeans, which is a popular fashion right now with women from teens to middle age. The men were dressed in jeans, tennis shoes, and t-shirts de picting their favorite sports team. Based on the name brands and style of clothing that I was viewing, I would say that the majority of the people present at this festival were members of the middle to upper middle socioeconomic class. Moving on a little further with that analysis, I would also say that many of the patrons were also college educated. I draw this conclusion from the fact that they appear to be well dressed and wearing name brand clothing. Name brand clothing is not inexpensive and would normally be purchased by someone who makes a good wage. In the current economic time, in which we live, it almost impossible to achieve a good wage without a college education. B. The folkways, customs, mores, and laws that you observed in the community member behaviors and interactions. Our current lesson tells us that folkways are expected behaviors and/or attire but that they are not usually required of the individuals/community at question. Some of the folkways that I observed were that the men and women were dressed appropriately for their age, gender, and the weather. In addition to this, babies were dressed appropriately for their genderShow MoreRelatedFashion Analysis : Fashion Week1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Olympics, there are always things that can bring people together. Fashion Week is one of them. Fashion Week brings artists, designers, and audiences from across the world together in the name of art. However, the importance of Fashion Week cannot be expressed without first discussing its history. Fashion Week allows fashion designers to display their designs to a worldwide audience (Fortini para. 10). Basically, Fashion Week is a time during which the industry’s most prestigious designersRead MoreSociolotical Analysis of Fashion Essay example1263 Words   |  6 Pagesworld of fashion. London Fashion Week which is viewed as an essential event on the British calendar successfully examines Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and fields within the field of fashion. There are various rules and limitation which are set for those entering the boundaries of the fashion show and only key people who are members within the field are allowed to have access to this event which are the various designers, models, journalists and celebrities. In the field of fashion socialRead MoreAnalysis Of Gilles Lipovetsky s The Empire Of Fashion Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe Empire of Fashion, he describes the effect of Fashion on the practice of democracy in Western Europe. According to Lipovetsky, â€Å"Fashion unlike tradition requires free individual intervention, a singular and capricious power to disrupt the order of the appearances.† Essentially, Fashion and Haute couture have led to the support of democratic values; it is fashion that encouraged individuals to believe in self-expression. Lipovetsky establishes his arguments on the history of fashion and its symbolRead MoreAnalysis of the Fashion Industry1301 Words   |  6 PagesFashion is one of the world’s most important creative industries. It has provided economic thought with a canonical example in theorizing about consumption and conformity. Social thinkers have long treated fashion as a window upon social class and social change. Cultural theorists have focused on fashion to reflect on symbolic meaning and social ideals. Fashion has also been seen to embody representative characteristics of modernity, and even of culture itself. Everyone wears clothing and inevitablyRead MoreFashion Channel Case Analysis1617 Words   |  7 PagesFashion Channel Case Analysis Wenwen Gao (872236636) 2010.07.07 Introduction and Problem Definition As the only network dedicated solely to fashion, The Fashion Channel’s (TFC) consistent â€Å"Fashion for everyone† strategy is facing challenges by the other two competitors Lifetime and CNN, which are separately targeting young females and men by their fashion-related programming. The channel needs to target the right viewers and offer advertisers an attractive mix of viewers, consequently strengtheningRead MoreSwot Analysis : Fashion Industry5265 Words   |  22 Pagesmarket in fashion industry and based on the findings, a business idea is generated as well as a business plan is completed for the brand karishmanath, which is founded by the Karishma Nath. This research study concentrates on the process of formulating the business idea rather than implementing the business plan, even though the business plan is an essential part of the study. When dealing with theoretical framework, to better analyze the fashion industry, theories such as PESTEL Analysis and Porterâ⠂¬â„¢sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Fashion Industry In Italy5138 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Fashion Industry in Italy Fashion Industry in Italy [Writers Name] [Institutes Name] Table of contents Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Introduction to Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Geography of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Demographics of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Natural resources of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Economic sector and trade statistics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Exports to other countries their competitors of the exportingRead MoreThe Clothing And Fashion Industry774 Words   |  4 PagesConsumers in the Fashion Industry The topic I chose to write about was the clothing and fashion industry. Clothing is something that everyone in modern society needs, and something that a few consumers care very much about. The number one thing clothing is used for, besides covering and protecting our bodies, is to express our personalities, socioeconomic status, and how we feel on a given day. Because the the demographic for people who buy clothes is so large, it has a lot of variation. PeopleRead MoreHM Pricing and Retail Strategy1217 Words   |  5 Pagesopened in Vaesteras, Sweden in 1947. The mission of HM is to offer fashion and quality at the best price where â€Å"quality includes ensuring that products are manufactured in a way that is environmentally and socially sustainable† (HM, vision policy, n.d., para. 1). This essay is to highlight the current market analysis, pricing strategy, retail strategy, and competitive advantage analysis of the company. Current Market Analysis HM is the world’s second largest retailer, only behind its main rivalRead MoreThe Effects Of Fast Fashion On The World1547 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Fast Fashion on the World This papers purpose is to teach fashion heavy consumers on the real price of fast fashion and how buying it affects the environment. This type of audience can be anyone who partakes in the buying of well-known cheap retail stores that have a large audience of being fast and obtainable. These consumers should have the information on how fast fashion effects are environment so it could possibly alter their buying habits to be eco-friendlier but buying either

Essay on Careers in Healthcare - 1204 Words

Healthcare has many different areas one can go into if interested in this field. I have chosen two that have always been an interest to me; Nursing (particularly registered nursing) and an EMT (Emergency Medical Technician). Both jobs are very demanding and extremely important. Both are respected jobs and require a tremendous amount of caring for others. There are three levels of nursing; certified Nurse Assistant (CNA), Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or a Registered Nurse (RN). A registered nurse is the highest level of nursing. In order to practice nursing you must have an Associate Degree in Nursing, Bachelor Degree in Nursing, or in some cases a diploma in nursing from an accredited school. Nursing can provide many opportunities†¦show more content†¦They have to be comfortable with people in the most intimate circumstance because of the nature of dealing with different health situations. A registered nurse works with clients, their families and communities in various settings. They can work in nursing homes, assisted living, and adult foster care homes. Compensation for a registered nurse is pretty good. The median annual earnings in Oregon in 2008 were $62,450, with the lowest wage being $43,410 and the highest being $76, 570. The physical demands require that a person be physically capable of standing for long periods of time. Nurses often assist in lifting and moving patients and can work up to 12 hour days. They must also have technical abilities because of some of the computerized equipment. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the primary hazard in patient care is blood borne pathogens, such as hepatitis B and HIV. Nurses are exposed to a variety of infectious diseases so they must be very careful and follow the safety guidelines. A typical day includes accessing patient needs, creating treatment plans and evaluating their progress. They must also educate the patient and the families involved. The good things about having a Nursing degree is that you can choose a specialized area after you graduate. Pediatric nursing is one area that a registered nurse might want to specialize in. A pediatric nurse is one who cares for younger people from infant age up to the teenShow MoreRelatedA Career Of Chiropractic Healthcare1008 Words   |  5 Pages A Career in Chiropractic Healthcare Chiropractors, or doctor of chiropractic, are healthcare professionals who practice the holistic, drugless, healing art of chiropractic. They emphasize health maintenance and disease prevention through proper nutrition, exercise, posture, stress management, and care of the spine and the nervous system. Because of its emphasis on health maintenance, the whole person, and natural healing, it is considered an alternative health care approach (â€Å"Alternative HealthRead MoreCareer Development Of The Healthcare Industry971 Words   |  4 Pageswere only looking toward retirement, not career development, and enhancement strategies. However, older workers, for different reasons, have changed their definition of retirement and are choosing to stay actively engaged at work. Moreover, the baby boomers are returning to school after decades away to complete their degrees to be competitive in their industry, gain valuable skills, or even change careers. While enjoying a successful career in healthcare for more than three decades disqualifies meRead MoreMy Encounter With Healthcare As A Career2233 Words   |  9 Pagesquote summarizes my encounter with healthcare as a career. When I relocated to America from a third world country about eleven years ago, I didn’t know where to start from. Majority of those I knew gravitated towards nursing because it guaranteed a job after graduation. As I perused through the internet to learn about nursing and all that it involved, I stumbled into Radiology. It was the beginning of a career path that I have enjoyed for ten years. Healthcare leadership was not an area that I initiallyRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Working For Healthcare Careers1311 Words   |  6 Pages There are stages when it comes to employee’s life cycle. When it comes to each stage of human resources life cycle it has there challenges, there are many opportunities and benefits when working for healthcare careers. Let’s say if working for a small business the experience can be excessive to an employee turnover. When it comes to motivation stage of a HR the life cycle will need attention. So if an employee’s skills are not improving the Office Manager will have to address an evaluation stageRead MoreProfessional Etiquette For A Successful Healthcare Career1055 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional etiquette is one of the most important factors contributing to a successful healthcare career. A professional is someone who is neat in appearance. Professional looks will vary. In some cases, a suit and tie is their professional appearance. In other cases, scrubs are professional. Be sure to meet and/or even try and exceed the requirements of your company s dress code . Also pay special attention to your appearance when meeting with prospects or clients. Long nails colored hair piercingsRead MoreMy Future Career Within The Healthcare Industry1659 Words   |  7 Pagesare important for my future career within the healthcare industry, some challenges I encountered, accomplishments, and opportunities that I have gained over the past seven weeks. In addition, taking the step to further my education is an accomplishment for me because if I did not decide to seek my dreams I would still be working at a convenience store. Furthermore, without this course I will not be able to obtain my college degree and seek employment in the healthcare industry. Therefore, it wasRead MorePhilosophy Statement Jessica Baise . . . A Career In Healthcare1256 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Statement Jessica Baise A career in healthcare has always been an interest of mine. Making a difference is someone?s health was a special aspect of my career choice. Dental Hygiene has been top of the list since I was a younger child. I was one of those children who loved going to the dentist. I was always intrigued by what was going on in the dentist office, whether it be the dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant. Becoming a young adult and noticing the appearance ofRead MoreThe s Healthcare Career Has Spanned More Than 30 Years897 Words   |  4 PagesAs president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Sharp HealthCare, Michael W. Murphy is tasked with a large responsibility. He oversees more than 16,000 employees, 2,600 affiliated physicians and about 2,100 volunteers. In turn, this workforce provides service and healthcare to a completely integrated not-for-profit system that includes four acute-care hospitals, three specialty hospitals, two affiliated medical groups, five urgent care centers, three skilled nursing facilities, home health, hospiceRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthcare Manager887 Words   |  4 Pagesis a necessity in the healthcare employment field. By overseeing healthcare service delivery they are able to improve and help in providing appropriate patient care. They plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services making them an important asset to the healthcare field in general. However, just like any other job position, there are pros and cons to being a healthcare manager. But with the responsibility over facilities, services, staff, and budgets, a healthcare manager tremendouslyRead MoreI Am Pursuing A Master s Degree Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesmaster’s degree in healthcare administration. I had done a little research prior to signing up for college so I had a small idea of what I was looking at in my profession. I have learned a great deal about my major since my first in my class. I am going to talk about the research I have don e and the outcome of the personality traits that my profession requires as well as the career options I have. I have strong career goals and believe that I will be successful in my chosen career path. Overview

A Self

A Self-Reflection of My Journey Essay I never knew how that my life journey would have so many twists and turns. I have been through good times and bad, but they all add up to who I am today. I realize that some people would not want to have gone through some of the chapters of my life I have been through, but the end result has well been worth the challenge! I am happy and blessed to enjoy my life and to call this living! My childhood was filled with lots of trials. My dad was a cross-country truck driver so he would be gone for days or weeks at a time. He came home from one trip and found my biological mom in bed with another man. They got divorced and my sister and I lived with my biological mom. She told us that our dad didn’t love us and didn’t want to see us. On a visit with my dad, when I was four, I met his new girlfriend and she was very nice to me. He got married when I was six. My biological mom was the first to get remarried when I was five. Her new husband was a truck driver and an alcoholic. He would physically abuse my sister and me and my biological mom would do nothing. When she wanted to go on a trip with her husband she would leave us with her brother who would also physically abuse me. When I was five she left us with a neighbor who had three kids, two boys 18, 15 and a girl 17. While she was gone the oldest boy and the girl sexually abused me and the 15 year old abused my sister who was two. When I told my bio mom what had happened she didn’t believe me. Later on when I was seven she decided she couldn’t take my behavior anymore and told my dad she was sending me to Boys Town, a place for children with behavior problems, in Oklahoma. My dad told her that they would take me, so they went through the courts and my dad got custody of me. After moving in with them they told me I could call his new wife by her name or mom. I started calling her mom right away. My life changed drastically and they got me help when I told them what had been happening to my sister and me. My dad told my bio moms that she needed to get my sister help and she ignored him. At eight we moved to Texas, and my dad started working on Fort Hood at the lawn care office fixing their equipment and at an auto repair shop in Killeen. After about a year and a half we moved to Houston where he started working in the maintenance department at the Hilton Hotel. He worked his way up to be the supervisor and they moved him to the Airport Hilton to be the manager of the maintenance department. My parents moved closer to his new job and I stayed with my aunt to finish my sixth grade year. When my parents found out that she was doing drugs I moved to the new home. A year later my dad took a job offer in Austin, he went to Austin while my mom and I stayed so I could finish sixth grade rather than going to a different school for one quarter. We spent the summer living in the hotel until we found a house. We stayed in that house for a year and we moved once again to the outskirts of Austin. My dad took another job offer at the historic Driskill Hotel in downtown Austin as the maintenance department manager. We moved one last time when my parents bought a home; they put it on two acres of land in Elgin 20 minutes outside Austin. With all the different places that my bio mom lived and the four places that my dad lived, I went to thirteen different elementary schools. When we moved to Texas, the school said I was behind in math and science so they held me back in third grade. The next year at a different school they tested me because I was bored and not paying attention. .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .postImageUrl , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:hover , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:visited , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:active { border:0!important; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:active , .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0 .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubceac4efba154faffa48b26105e535f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tennis Made Easy EssayMy parents tried to get me put into the fourth grade class with the results of my test scores, but were told no. When I started sixth grade I was taking honor classes for math and science. When we moved to Austin the school put me in a normal seventh grade math and science classes because they didn’t have honors classes for that grade. The math teacher gives everyone the end of year test to see where they are at. After scoring a 98% he asked the school to place me in the eighth grade pre-algebra class. At the start of my eighth grade year I was taking algebra for high school credit. By the end of my sophomore year I had completed my math requirements to graduate, but needed to have four core classes to participate in sports. So my junior year I took pre-calculus and calculus my senior year. In seventh grade I started playing football, and running cross country and track. I started playing basketball my freshman year. I continued to play football until I inured my knee my sophomore year. I continued to run cross country winning several district meets as individual and team. I won several races in track from the 400 meter to the two mile. Being a distance runner, to me, my greatest accomplishment was our mile relay team. We all ran between 52 and 56 second laps winning district and regional. I started taking college classes after the Army started the EArmyU program in 2002. I started out taking classes towards an associate in criminal justice degree through Central Texas College. With the schedule I had at work I didn’t have time to go to the education center to take proctored tests. So I switched to an associate in arts and sciences through Pierce College, because everything was online and I could do it at home after my kids went to bed. I wasn’t making much progress because of deployments and going to military schools, I have completed 19. hours in eight years. I am hoping with Ashford I can complete my degree within the six years I have left in the Army. Five days before my high school graduation I raised my right hand and signed on the dotted line to join the Army. I continued to work through the summer and left for basic training in September 1996. I went to Fort Jackson, SC for ten weeks to complete new Soldier processing and basic training. I completed Signal Support Systems Specialist training at Fort Gordon, GA. I then moved to Fort Lewis, WA where I was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division. After being there for a year and a half I met a girl, we got engaged and I went to Korea for a year. After seven months of being in Korea I took my mid-tour leave and we got married. I returned to Korea to complete my year. After four months I returned to Fort Lewis, WA and found my new wife living with someone else. I filed for divorce and started helping out a friend that had just had surgery on her knee. Six months later we got married and I adopted her two kids and we had two of our own. This past July we have been married for ten years. We have been moved to Hanau, Germany and then to Fort Knox, KY by the military. We are very happy with our family and how we fit together. One of my main reasons for getting my college education is so that I am not telling my kids â€Å"do as I say, not as I do†. It is a lot easier to tell them that they need an education to succeed. My oldest two understand that part of the reason I can’t get promoted is because I don’t have a college education. So by getting my education I am showing them that it can be done, regardless of the situation. I plan on retiring from the Army in about six years, and if I don’t have a college education I could end up working for some 25 year old kids that does. .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .postImageUrl , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:hover , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:visited , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:active { border:0!important; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:active , .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37ec6139dea1f783125ba52bd720e93e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Philosophy of Education EssayMy goal is to earn my bachelor in business information systems and get a job working for a company running the IT department. I feel that I contribute to the community and world everyday by being a Soldier. I am expected to leave my family and be anywhere in the world in support of our nations freedom or helping another country, like Haiti, in their time of need. I have thought about becoming a Department of Defense (DOD) Civilian after I retire, working for the military as a civilian. I would like to work in the Combat Service Support Automation Management Office (CSSAMO) fixing the same computer systems I currently use every day. I understand how Levinson’s Life Structures Theory applies to most of my life! According to Levinson â€Å"A life structure includes all the roles and relationships that a person has throughout life. † (Witt G. , Mossler, R. 2010). I changed roles many times, from son to Army Soldier, husband, to divorcee, back to husband, father, and now a student. I also believe that the Circular Rule explained in the LifeLaunch text, â€Å"Each chapter itself has a beginning and an end, and a transition to the next chapter† (Hudson McLean, ? 2006, p. 34) describes the many stages of my life. Each change or transition closed old chapters and opened new ones! I began life as a student learning from my parents as teachers. I went on as a student in school. I am currently a student in college at the age of thirty-three, fulfilling the lifelong dream of acquiring a degree. I have few regrets as I look back over my life. Tait Trussell, a †Saturday Evening Post† contributor, had a wonderful thing to say in an article I recently read, â€Å"Age doesnt matter, unless you are a cheese† (Trussell, 2007)! I do not believe that learning ever stops, so, my best explanation would be that my beginnings mirror my endings! My future you might ask? I will be a student of life for life! Bibliography: Hudson, F. M., McLean, P. D. (2006). LifeLaunch: A Passionate Guide to the Rest of your Life (4th ed.) (Donna Bushnell, Ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: The Hudson Institute Press. (Original work published 1995) Trussell, T. (2007, Jul/?Aug). Defining a Senior. The Saturday Evening Post, 279(4), 1. Retrieved October 19, 2010, from http://www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/25773852/DEFINING-A-SENIOR Witt G. A., Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult Development and Life Assessment. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4

Recruitment and Selection Procedure an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Recruitment and Selection Procedure Abstract In every business the key to success is directly connected with its well developed strategies. The criteria that are used to select and recruit employees make part of the strategy that is aimed to success in business. Depending on the strategies of a certain business the criteria of selection and recruitment are developed accordingly. Consequently, the recruitment and selection criteria of a company that is customer centered will differ from that of employee centered and vice versa. Need essay sample on "Recruitment and Selection Procedure" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my girlfriend Essay writers advise: Help With Essay Writing Online Essay Helper Hire Writers For Blogs Write Your Paper For You Essay Writing Company Recruitment and Selection Procedure in the Lincoln Electric Company and Southwest Airlines This study examines the recruitment and selection procedures in two major companies - the Lincoln Electric Company and Southwest Airlines. It explores the main reasons of their success touching upon issues concerning customers, unionism, employees and others. It also describes, evaluates and compares the two companies main strategies that influence the employees recruitment and selection procedure. Lincoln Electrical Company The Lincoln Electrical Company is known to be the best in the design, development and manufacture of arc-welding, products, plasma and of fuel cutting equipments and robotic arc-welding systems. It started its business in 1895 and till now has an immense success in its filed. The reason for this is its well developed strategy concerning the customers, employees and stockholders. For the Lincoln Electrical Company the customers interests are in the first place. According to James Lincoln, the active head of the company in 1914 customers interests should be the first goal of industry as When any company has achieved success so that it is attractive as an investment, all money usually needed for expansion is supplied by the customer in retained earnings.(Schuler, Jackson, Werner 2008, p.561) In the Lincoln Electrical Company employee takes the second important place after the customer as only through the employee productivity and performance the customer interest can be satisfied, which is the main goal of the company. (p. 562). According to James Lincoln the employee should be eager to be a part of a team. He should be honest towards his management, properly organized and have no desire to make profits for those who are inactive people. These are the criteria that are used to select and recruit employees in the Lincoln Electrical Company. In order to increase the productivity and performance of employees and to meet their needs the Company created certain strategies: The first concerns recruitment and selection procedures. The employee in the Lincoln Electrical Company is given an opportunity to be promoted. New job opportunities are advertised within the company and any employee willing can apply for it. Hiring from outside is possible only for entry-level positions. After application of employees personal interviews are made and selection is made on the bases of these interviews. (p. 564). The second strategy of the Lincoln Electrical Company towards high productivity and performance of the employee is the strategy of employee evaluation. Every employee is evaluated by his/her supervisor twice a year with special cards that evaluate employee performance using different criteria or competencies such as leadership/ownership, decision making and judgment, quality and customer focus etc. The results of the evaluation influence bonus decisions. (p. 564). Another strategy of the Lincoln Electrical Company for high productivity and performance is the opportunity of the employee to own stock and compensation. At Lincoln all productive workers and others are paid by piece rate. Established piece rates are not changed, but every year a portion of annual profits is given to employees as bonuses. Individual bonuses are proportional to merit rating scores. (p.565) Perhaps, that is why each worker in the Lincoln Electrical Company is proceeding busily and thoughtfully about the task at hand. Most of them even dont take coffee breaks. What about the supervisors, they are so busy with their planning and record keeping duties that have no time to pay attention to those under their supervision. (p. 563). The Lincoln Electrical Company is against unionism and organization chart, instead an open-door policy is conducted in the company, which means that personnel are encouraged to take problems to the persons who are most capable to resolve them. For me the above mentioned is not encouraging. It gives me a sense that the employees are robots the main task of which is to earn and again earn money. I wouldnt bear working in such a company for a long period of time. This may be afforded for only a short period of time and only in case if I am really in need. The same cannot be said about the Southwest Airlines. Southwest Airlines The Southwest is the cheapest airline in the US, but it is considered to be one of the major airlines because of its advantage of having outstanding level of customer service and a reputation for being on time. The key to this success is the strategy of understanding and appreciation of its people. (p. 544). That is why unlike the Lincoln Electrical Company the employees are in the first place in here. People and culture are major concerns of Southwest. Southwest has a unique culture that embodies the companys greatest strengths. It connects the fortunes of the company with the people who are responsible for it and retains the employees who may turn to Southwests competitors. (p.544). Southwest is very serious in selecting applicants, as it needs to find the right people to fit the unique culture of Southwest. (p. 556). Usually there are many applications for each job opening in Southwest as it has a reputation of a great place to work. The human resource management that is called People Department at Southwest plays an important role in selection process as Southwest pays much attention to the selection process, they can spend the money up front on the selection process to find the right people as they believe that it becomes worthwhile. Southwests customers are one of the main constituencies of the company. Customer satisfaction, which is possible through the successful management of customer expectation, is very important for the Company. This includes Customer service provided with friendliness, caring, warmth, and company spirit. (p. 549). That is why in Southwest great emphases are made on attitude. In Southwest they believe that they can train you on whatever you need to do, but they cant change your inherent attitude. (p. 551). They look for the people who have a blend of energy, humor, team spirit, and self-confidence. These key character features are used to indicate how well the candidates will perform and fit in with its own unique culture. (p. 551).Candidates attitudes are assessed from the moment they are called to be interviewed. The selection procedures in Southwest are made in the form of personality tests, interviews, or other assessments. The selection and placement decisions are made by a panel of line managements and specialized representatives from the People Department and also with the participation of present employees in the spirit of true partnership. (p. 552). .A great attention is also paid to the employees personality and values which is identified through personality test and interviews. As employees are very important for the Southwest employee satisfaction is another important indicator of the company success. Taking into consideration the above mentioned Southwest supports the idea of unionism and maintains harmonious relations with the unions (p. 553), which one can not say about the Lincoln Electrical Company. Like Lincoln Electrical Company there are a number of different variable pay programs in Southwest which include profit sharing and stock purchase plans for employee satisfaction. Southwest also rewards their employees. The awards that are given to employees who perform high quality of work occur at the local and corporate level. The awards usually come with plaques, monetary payments, photos taken during the awards ceremony etc. This is quite the opposite of what happens in the Lincoln Electrical Company where under the word awards one understands bonus incentives. Southwest is the company where I would work with great pleasure. It differs from the Lincoln Electrical Company first of all because of its strategy of being employee centered. It gives a feeling of a family. I especially like the way employees are treated. In Lincoln Electrical Company employees work for the money; in Southwest they work because they feel that they are a part of a big family, they dont care only about money but also about the prosperity and welfare of their company and this attitude is praiseworthy. As they say, if you want to be treated well, treat the others well. References Schuler R.S., Jackson, S. E., Werner, S. (2008). Integrative Case, the Lincoln Electric Company. Managing Human Resources (pp.560-575) 10th edition Schuler R.S., Jackson, S. E., Werner, S. (2008). Integrative Case, Southwest Airlines. Managing Human Resources (pp.544-559) 10th editio

Comparision of the French and German Political Systems essays

Comparision of the French and German Political Systems essays France and Germany are two of the most powerful nations in Europe. At one time bitter rivals, recently these two nations have come to a time of cooperation. Both nations are members of the European Union (EU), both are proactive and modern states, with strong economies. This paper will discuss the similarities and differences of the French and German political systems. Areas to be discussed will be the branches of government that is to say the executive, legislative and judiciary levels of government. Their will also be brief discussions on the history of the development of the present states of France and Germany. The country of France is governed by a presidential republic with a centralized national government (capital Paris). The French Republic has been living under the same constitutional regime since 1958, with the introduction of the Fifth Republic as introduced by President Charles Degaulle. The constitutional amendments increased the powers of the president and decreased the control of the parliament. More on the roles of the executive branch and legislative branch in later sections. With a bicameral parliament legislature powers are divided between the National Assembly and the Senate. Frances judicial functions are controlled by the Supreme Court of Appeals (Cour de Cassation). France is divided into 22 adminstrative divisions known as regions, these regions are illustrated in the following map. The country of Germany is governed by a parliamentary republic with a centralized national government (capital Berlin). The Federal Republic of Germany has been living under their constitution known as Basic Law since October 1990, though the constitution was introduced in Western Germany in 1949 and then became the constitution of the united Germany. Like France Germany has a bicameral legislative branch, with the excusive branch represented by the President (chief of state) and the Chancellor (head of go...

Profit sharing Essay Example

Profit sharing Essay Example Profit sharing Essay Profit sharing Essay Whichever programme is taken most of the training will take place on the shop floor. The experience of working in more than one selling department is given, as well as in some behind-the-scenes functions such as finance and the supply chain. Practical training will be supplemented by formal training sessions. These may include personal coaching, help from subject experts, a specific training course and easy-to-use training resources. There are no prescribed time limits to complete the programme, but a target date will be made by the manager and staff trainer. Regular progress meetings will allow quality time to discuss achievements and any areas for development. Training in John Lewis is also quite good: giving different types of training for people and also no specific time is given for most of the program, making it more convenient for the employees as well as people who might want a career in John Lewis receives and also the people who are going to work for a short period of time or students applying for work experience or only working in their vacation gets a different type of training which is better since it saves time and money but on the other hand it also is a disadvantage since the people applying for a short time will have a different place and different people to teach them therefore this also wastes time and money. Motivation The Human resource department is also responsible for motivating the employees. Motivation is the desire of an individual to work and to get involved in activities. Money, and the way it is paid, can affect motivation to work. These are some of the most usual payment systems: Time rate or wages Paying by the number of hours worked. Piece rate Paying by the number of items (pieces) produced. Overtime Extra pay for work done over and above normal working hours. It is usually paid at a higher hourly rate, e. g. double time means twice the normal hourly rate. Shift payments Usually paid for working unsocial hours such as night work. Bonus payments A special single payment for achieving a target. Profit sharing A percentage of the companys profit is shared amongst the workers. A loyalty bonus can be used to persuade workers to stay with their employer for a long period of time. Employees may not want to work longer than their contracted hours but they can often be persuaded to do so by receiving a higher rate of pay. A perk is a payment in kind; instead of giving money the employer might provide: Cars, health insurance, free uniform, discounted products, and first class travel. Most people work to satisfy needs of one kind or another. Non-financial motivators are things other than money that motivate people to work. Abraham Maslow developed his hierarchy of needs based on research about what motivates people to work. He suggested that there were 5 levels of need that influence a persons behavior. 1. Basic needs A person starts at the bottom of the hierarchy and will initially seek to satisfy basic needs (e. g. food, shelter). 2. Safety needs Safety needs at work could include physical safety (e. g. protective clothing) as well as protection against unemployment, loss of income through sickness etc). 3. Social needs Social needs recognize that most people want to belong to a group. These would include the need for love and belonging (e. g. working with colleague who support you at work, teamwork, communication) 4. Self-esteem needs Esteem needs are about being given recognition for a job well done. They reflect the fact that many people seek the esteem and respect of others. A promotion at work might achieve this 5. Self-actualization Self-actualization is about how people think about themselves this is often measured by the extent of success and/or challenge at work People are only truly motivated by enabling them to reach for and satisfy the factors that Herzberg identified as real motivators, such as personal growth, development, etc. , which represent a far deeper level of meaning and fulfillment.

Edgar allan poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edgar allan poe - Essay Example Poe’s personal tragedies played a huge role in the shaping of his poems, as did his abuse of alcohol and opium that increased throughout his lifetime. After the death of his mother, Poe became afraid of cemeteries, worried that ghosts or bodies would come out of their graves and come after him (Symons, pg. 27). Though it was not nearly as noticeable as it would be in years to come, Poe’s writing during this time gradually turned darker. He started focusing more on life and death, implementing sorrow and death into his poems. The poems during this era are no longer in print, but they were the onset of the writing that Poe’s fans would come to recognize and associate with Poe. The first poem that was first correlated with the death of someone close to Poe was â€Å"The Raven,† which was written after Poe’s brother had died from tuberculosis. The poem is a sorrowful one, centered on the never-ending remembrances of lost loved ones. The poem is about a woman named Lenore, and the protagonist of the poem spends the majority of the poem talking to the raven that has come into his home. At first the man is unaware of what has entered his house, but he speaks to it anyway, too lost in his thoughts of his Lenore. He wants to believe that what is in his home is her. The speaker becomes so lost to the point that he drives himself insane. The poem reflects the emotions that Poe felt after his brother died. He and his brother had never been close, a fact that disturbed Poe after his brother died. â€Å"The Raven† speaks of constantly remembering someone after they have gone, so much that the deceased person becomes real, yet not real enough to touch or see. The speaker spent the length of the poem hoping that the thing in his house was who he missed the most, but he drove himself insane with these hopes. The same can be said for Poe himself. He spent so much time thinking about the

Why is there so much violence in our culture Essay

Why is there so much violence in our culture - Essay Example It has led to the perturbed law and order situation in its wake. Hence, intolerance and prejudice observed by the modern societies have given birth to the concept of fanaticism and violence in the world. The contemporary era is aptly viewed to be the age of technological and nuclear advancements, which has turned life speedy, progressive and complicated one. Revolutionary alterations in the fields of communication, navigations and travelling have also played their significant roles in respect to creating multicultural societies (Macionis 2008). Since the people coming of rival ethno-racial backgrounds have settled in modern societies, situation of clashes between them is a normal factor. However, growth of clashes and conflicts between the communities results into turning the entire scenario violent and aggressive. Marxist perspective declares unjust and unequal distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities as one of the most dominant reasons behind the rise of conflict and antagonism between the groups and communities. The capitalist economic system, according to Marxism, creates an extremely unjust society, where the owners or producers of the agricultural or industrial units exploit the workers and laborers, called proletariat, by offering them very little amount out of the huge and heavy incomes and profits the agricultural and industrial units earn because of the hard toils made by the workers for the growth and development of those specific units. Since an overwhelming proportion of wealth and profit is taken by the ownership, by dint of the investment of money they have made, the laborers are deprived of their respective share against the investment of time, energy and labor they have made for the growth of that particular unit (Ritzer 2010). Consequently, sense of alienation haun ts the minds of the laborers, workers and peasants, which start viewing

The development of an individual Essay Example for Free

The development of an individual Essay Income, money is always a problem when theres not enough of it, Money will always have an impact on peoples lives, In the UK there are millions of people still living in poverty, even with all the benefit schemes in place. Physically: Adults with a low with a low income may be slightly more overweight than someone with a higher income due to the fact that they cannot spend money on gyms, healthy foods and so on, if they have children theyre most likely to follow the same way. Its been proven that those who live in poorer areas dont live as long. Intellectually: With the education today (mainly universities) prices are increasing largely. Those who are the lower class wont benefit as much as those whom are in the higher class. This includes both teenagers and adults. Emotionally: Not bringing in a lot of money can affect you seriously; it can make you depressed, worried, sad, it may also make you lose motivation instead of gaining it. Being an adult you have larger responsibilities than a teenager, Adults with a family have to support each person within that family and with a low income this can become impossible. Socially: Younger people will find it harder in these areas due to the appearance the present and it may end up in conflict towards society i. e. gangs, robberies, drug dealing and so on. Where as adults have the whole financial problems on the shoulders. No matter what they do theyll always be stuck for money, which then also impacts their childrens lives. Nutrition and dietary choices, its always in the media; telling us how to look; what to eat; what to wear, but who said people have to look a certain way, I agree yes that if you are overweight youre cutting your years shorter however theres people out there that are that perfect Size-Zero who may smoke or drink excessive amount of alcohol which probably shortens your life even more. Physically: Both adults and teenagers may be able to do more things such as sports and so on. If an adult smokes or drinks they are lowering the lung capacity and heightening the risk of cancer. Intellectually: It may persuade you to go to work or get a job in the first place, due to you mood and how much you like to socialise with people. Most people who are doing more manual jobs are more likely to smoke rather than those who work in offices and so on. Emotionally: Diets arent all that bad; they can improve your moods and make you feel great about yourself, but they can also do the opposite if you cant lose the weight that you want to. Adults and teenagers are getting similar in terms of dieting, most adult want to look good and teenagers are now starting to read the media and become anxious about how they look. Socially: You may also socialise a lot more than usual as well especially if you go to gyms on a regular basis, youre bound to meet new people and make friends. Even though its bad for your health, smokers are more likely to meet new people due to the smoking ban and having to go outside.

Thurgood Marshall Essay examples -- History Lawyer Marshall Biographie

Thurgood Marshall After the Reconstruction period, African Americans had won freedom and no longer were seen as processions of the whiteman, although, something even more evil existed, segregation. This problem made life for many black people an ever-continuing struggle. Black people were forced to attend separate schools, churches, hotels, and even restaurants. At the time, white males dominated the work force and many African Americans rarely found well paying jobs. The court system judged people of color more harshly than people of white skin, which led to unfair sentences and lynchings. A lynching is when a person is hanged or executed without a trial; they were very common during this time period. African Americans could only take so much of this, they cried out against the unequal ways that white people practiced. Foundations were formed to aid these people and bring justice to the society they were living in. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was probably th e most significant of these foundations. This was the same organization that Thurgood Marshall became the leading lawyer of. Thurgood Marshall was born in the year of 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. He was prepped and raised by his mother, Norma Arica Marshall, and his father, William Canfield Marshall. Thurgood's mother was one of the first African Americans to graduate from Colombia University and his father was the first black person to serve on Baltimore's grand jury in the...

Family Story Essay

Jayla had a difficult childhood that kept her busy. She was an African American girl living with a working class family. She had problems with her family which even increased when her parents refused to buy her vegetarian meals. She just didn’t like the taste of meat. She had a child at 16 and was forced to raise the child on her own. It was an untimely pregnancy like 88% of teen births in the US. When she was 14, she thought she had found the love of her life in a classmate of hers named Jaylin. She thought that he would help he forget about the troubled relationship with her parents which she had formerly tried by using alcohol. These risk factors increased the chance that she would get engaged in early sex. The relationship was not as great as she had thought. It showed the exchange theory when her boyfriend paid less costs in the relationship and got more rewards which was the opposite for Jayla. This caused her to have dependency issues with him. One of the rewards for Jaylin was sex. Jayla had sex because of a threat to end the relationship because she grew so attached to him that she would rather have sex than have him leave her. They only used barriers like condoms to protect her against pregnancy. She didn’t have as much of a problem with having it after a while because she was told by her parents if she was going to have sex to use protection which is common for most parents. Their attitudes demonstrated the permissiveness with affection category of Ira Reiss’ four categories. In August Jaya gave birth to her daughter who she named Rain because the rain was the only thing that seemed to calm her down after a long fight with her parents. This made Rain a part of the 39. % of unmarried births in the US. After Rain was born, it didn’t get much easier for Jayla. Her mother had forced her to take care of the child on her own without any help from other family. She was forced to drop out of high school to take care of Rain. Shortly after giving birth, Jaylin left because he said it was too much work for him to be a father. This left Jayla devastated and made her one of the 9. 9 million single mothers in the US. She faced responsibility overload trying to have enough money to pay for Rain’s needs as a child. She also had to contend with emotional overload because she didn’t have enough time to focus on her own needs. She dealt with task overload because she had to do the work of two parents almost by herself. She started going to church with Rain which is where she lost her dependency issues and it helped her refrain from sexual activity. This also made her mind more expressive which is the norm for females. Aiden’s childhood was also troubled. He was an only child who lived with a fairly wealthy family. His parents focused more on their work than they did on him. Also the family was moving constantly from place to place because of his father’s job. Aiden never had enough time to make close friendships with people because of this frequent moving around. Both of these factors caused him to develop emotional loneliness which is fewer intimate relationships than desired. This loneliness made him focus on people and their reactions which interested him. His mind mainly focused on logic and reasoning which is the average for males. When he went to college he started his studies in sociology to continue his interest in the interactions between people. This loneliness went away during college when he started going to church and interacted with fellow Christians. This church was where he met Jayla. When Jayla and Aiden met, they both could feel a connection between them. It helped their growing relationship that they were both androgynous which means they take on both feminine and masculine traits. This is because it increased their intimacy with more love, affection, and attachment to one another. They got married two and a half years after they started dating. This early marriage is quite rare nowadays. Their gender roles in the family skewed some from traditional views. Both of them helped raised the children, worked for a living, and took care of the trailer. The fact that both of the parents worked made it unlike a monolithic family. Jayla wanted to extend the family early because she wanted to have children while she had healthy eggs and have more energy to keep up with them. Her fertility was better because she was a vegetarian so it increased by eating proteins from plants and not animals. Eleven months after they were married Jayla gave birth to her second child, a baby boy named Kyle. Their relationship didn’t come without its share of problems. A while into their relationship they noticed people border patrolling against them. People were treating them like they were abnormal just because they were an interracial couple. Their relationship seemed even more abnormal because it was a white man with a black woman. Later on, Aiden was arrested for assault on Jayla’s supervisor for sexually harassing her. Her supervisor was not charged with anything because harassment is in the eye of the beholder and co-workers saw no harm in what the supervisor was doing. They just believed that Aiden was overreacting. Even worse, he lost his job as a researcher at a local university because of that. Fortunately, Jayla had completed her GED a month before this happened and was starting a full-time job to replace her part-time one. While Aiden was looking for a job, the systems theory started showing in the family. The family could not go eat out as much, everyone had to eat less expensive food, be careful how many resources they used, and buy fewer luxuries. Early in their marriage while Kyle was still very young Jayla and Aiden had intimacy problems because they forgot that they were partners before they were parents. (Pierce) They had gotten so caught up in taking care of their children that they lost sight of their own relationship with one another. They overcame this obstacle after a while. Despite their problems, Jayla and Aiden grew even closer together. They lived in what Levinger described as a full-shell marriage that was fulfilling and strong. They showed the symbolic interaction theory by being able to interpret each other’s verbal and non-verbal symbols to one another. For example, they knew when each other was â€Å"in the mood† by Aiden wanting to go to bed early and Jayla twisting her hair around her finger and constantly looking at Aiden with a smile. They would have the occasional argument, but it never became anything serious. Their arguments were never seen as a problem because it is a myth that a happily married couple doesn’t have conflict. They indulged in what they didn’t have in common as much as what they had in common. They were both surprised by how different their dreams were. Aiden’s dreams were more like action films while Jayla’s focused more on love and family. It made for very interesting conversations in their day-to-day lives. Raising children and getting older posed some adventures of its own. Both children were raised in the normal behaviors for their sex. Rain was given dolls to play with including baby dolls allowed her to pretend to be a mother. Kyle, on the other hand, was encouraged to play outside and his scrapes and bruises were not treated like a big deal which toughened him up. Conflict from within the family expanded with grandchildren because, as Durkheim says, it had become more heterogeneous. The family became more of a group of diverse individuals. Jayla was disappointed that Rain had a child before getting married which is a risk factor for a child born to a teen mother. Jayla was relieved that the father stayed with her and eventually married her. As they got even older, Aiden had to start using Viagra because his refractory period was getting to be too long that he could not have sex with Jayla as frequently as they both wanted. Though they both had their share of problems, they had a very long and successful marriage. Both of them lived well into their eighties, happy and in love.

Examination on the Strategic Use of Information Technology in Tanzania Service Industries Essay

Businesses can attain sustainable competitive advantage by utilizing Information Technology (IT) in responding to the changing customers’ needs and changing business environment. (Talebnejad, 2008). This demands the organization to know how to apply this technology, and also devise appropriate and cost effective method for successful implementation. For example in 2004, the study of the relation between investment in IT and sales performance found out that they are positively related. Moreover in the same study, more than 79% of managers believed that IT has a vital role in business success (Talebnejad, 2008). On the same perspective, Tanzania service industry is on the road to great success if the companies and organizations adopt and use IT effectively in transforming their organizations. Service Industry defined Services industry is characterized by the intangible nature of their products. It covers a very wide spectrum of intangible tradable products such as banking, money transfers, insurance, telecommunications, business consultancy, health care, transportation, air travel, distribution services, hotels accommodation, recreational, tour operations, and many others. Tanzania Service Industry Since 1990s, Tanzania government embarked on major economic reforms that aimed at creating competitive financial and market system that that operate on market-oriented economic principles (Mtatifikilo, 1995). Since then, there has been a significant increase in the SMEs operating in different areas of the economy namely services, industry and agriculture. In the 2011 estimates, Tanzania economic growth is services dominated. Growth across Tanzania’s service sector has increased in the last few years relative to agriculture and industry. Agriculture, industry, and service s sectors contribute 27.8, 24.2, and 48 percent of GDP respectively1. Tourism, real estate and business services2 helped the broader service sector growth to an estimated 48 percent of Tanzania’s GDP in 2011. Information Technology (IT) â€Å"Information and Communications Technology (IT) is one of the most potent forces in shaping the twenty-first century. Its revolutionary impact affects the way people live, learn and work and the way government interacts with civil society †¦ The essence of the IT driven economic and social transformation is its power to help individuals and societies to use knowledge and ideas. Our vision of an information society is one that better enables people to fulfill their potential and realize their aspirations. To this end we must ensure that IT serves the mutually supportive goals of creating sustainable economic growth, enhancing the public welfare, and fostering social cohesion, and work to fully realize its potential to strengthen democracy, increase transparency and accountability in governance, promote human rights, enhance cultural diversity, and to foster international peace and stability. Meeting these goals and addressing emerging challenges will require effective national and international strategies† (G8 Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society, 2000) Information Technology (IT) refers to various hardware, software, networking, and data management components necessary for a system to operate. Communication needs are growing at a faster rate than any previous times. Functions such as e-mail, instant messaging, weblogs, video steaming and mobile data communications are some areas which have witnessed dramatic changes. The demand has been the key for rapid growth of big global IT companies such as Google, Apple, Samsung and Microsoft among many others. Tanzania has also witnessed significant growth if the communication sector. One area of interest is mobile communication, with number of subscribers approaching 15 million in 2010 (Behitsa & Diyamett, 2010). Consumer IT Penetration and Proficiency The growth of IT proficiency in Tanzania is encouraging. IT use among young generation is rapidly growing, thanks to many training institutes on ICT skills. The computer market has also grown rapidly. Many consumers have computers or mobile devices with internet access capability. The Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) estimates 11% of internet penetration countrywide in 2010 consumer survey3. The Tanzania government in collaboration with development partners has also taken some initiatives to improve ICT usage level (Behitsa & Diyamett, 2010). These initiatives include eschools and ICT policy for basic education. The policy is aimed at expanding the reach of ICT skills down to primary schools4. Enterprise IT Adoption To measure IT adoption, we first have to understand why companies decide to adopt IT. The model below gives the factors that influence the adoption of IT in the company. There are factors which are internally driven while others are externally driven (Nguyen, 2009).Studies on IT adoption show that firms adopt IT as a means of survival and/or growth, ability to stay competitive in the market, and/or as innovation ability of the firm. The adoption process may be considered as customer driven (Winter, 2003), a reaction to an outside event, or as business selfinitiative as it focuses on improving efficiency (Corso, Martini, Pellegrini, & Paolucc, 2003). (Siggelkow & Levinthal, 2005) found out that firms go through changes within certain stages of their life cycle or in response to changes of their external environment. (Andries & Debackere, 2006) confirmed this view by pointing out that firms seek IT adoption in response to changes, both internal and external. Inte rnal changes include the life cycle or maturity of the firm and external changes are survival or stability in the market.

Insanity Plea essays

Insanity Plea essays One of the many issues that trouble the American Justice System today is that of the insanity defense. This defense has been brought in front of courts for years and has caused massive debate. The insanity defense plays a powerful role in our society which begs for justice. However some look upon it as a god sent, while other feel it is the enemy. The insanity defense is rooted in a basic principle of justice: that it is unfair to hold persons responsible for their actions when they dont know, or cant control, what they are doing (Worth 16), but is it true that people really dont know what they are doing; and if so should they still be punished for it? Many who share negative feelings towards the insanity defense believe that it is not a defense in the victims case but a defense to aid the perpetrator. In courts the insanity defense has been used as a loophole for criminals to jump through, and escape a deserved punishment. States law student Cedrick Burrows. Crimes in our society are believed to not go unpunished, and with the introduction of the insanity defense into our courts criminals are beginning to dodge such promised justice. What about the families of the victims who have been raped, murdered, or beaten; what justice are they served if their attacker is let to walk free or spend time in a mental institution? Many others who are for the insanity defense believe it is unfair to punish a person when they are not aware of the crime they have committed. They believe that a person who wasnt aware of the crime or tuned in to what is right or wrong can not be placed in the same category of those who knowingly kill, rape, or beat innocent people. One case in which the inconsistency of the insanity defense is apparent is in that of the assassinator of former president James Garfield. Charles Julius Guiteau, after being caught and detained ...

The smart way to job hunt while you have a job

The smart way to job hunt while you have a job It’s easier to job hunt if you have a job. It’s a maxim, but it’s backed up: statistics have shown that employers are more likely to hire people who already have jobs, and a 2017 survey by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York determined that about 23% of job seekers are already employed. So if you’re ready for a job change and hoping to join that group, how do you go about it?6 tips for looking for a new job while still on the jobBe discreetThis should be obvious, but it should always be top-of-mind as you look for a new gig. If your boss finds out that you’re unhappy and looking, that can make your current situation very uncomfortable- very fast. So make sure you’re keeping everything on the DL; no griping loudly about how much you hate this place, no telling everyone but your boss that you’re halfway out the door.It may be that you need references for your job hunt, and as mentioned, you probably can’t tell your boss. So what about other colleagues? Choose carefully. Select one or two people who can speak to your abilities and professional skills, but who will also be discreet. Office gossips need not apply. And make sure that when you talk to this person, you emphasize that you need them to be discreet and not tell anyone else that you’re thinking about your exit plan. Most people get it- remember, 23% of employed people are out looking for new opportunities, and turnover is a fact of life at virtually every company. If you’re not sure that someone is entirely trustworthy, don’t risk it. Go outside the company for a reference.You  still  have  to  work  while  at  workDon’t spend your time combing job search sites while you’re supposed to be working. Many employers have full access to everything you search online while using company devices, so if you wouldn’t want your IT department handing a list of links to your boss, don’t spend your wor k day scanning job sites.Instead, use your own phone or tablet during lunch, or on other breaks.Don’t use your work email address as a contact for new job leadsIdeally, you have a respectable name@[anyemaildomain].com account set up for your personal use. That’s what you should use for your job search because again, you don’t want your job hunt to become public knowledge, and your work emails are typically the property of your employer.Schedule interviews outside of work hours whenever possibleThis can be tricky, because business hours are when most hiring work is done. But if a late-day or early morning interview just isn’t possible, we’ve all done the â€Å"I have a dentist appointment† fib to go to an interview.Don’t telegraph that you’re interviewingWhen you’re leaving for that â€Å"dentist appointment,† it’s a pretty big tip-off if you just happen to be wearing your best suit. If you can, change outsi de the office after you leave and before you get back.Don’t start slacking at your current jobWhen you’re focused on the future, it can be tempting to do less now. That will almost definitely backfire. If your standard of work drops, you risk causing damage to your reputation. And if you don’t get that new job right away, you’re stuck with the consequences of that in your everyday professional life. It’s a kind of self-sabotage. So even though you may be frustrated or unhappy about your current situation, do as much as you can to maintain the status quo while you figure out your next steps. Don’t forget, you may need these colleagues as references or part of your network later on, so don’t burn bridges now.Looking for a job while you have a job is common, and it can be challenging, with what feels like cloak-and-dagger activity. But if you’re able to balance your current work with your stealth search on the side, it’ll b e even sweeter when you find that perfect new opportunity.

Miranda v. Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Miranda v. Arizona - Essay Example The Arizona Supreme Court convicted and sentenced Miranda to 20-30 years imprisonment, based from his written confession. Later, the U.S. Supreme Court repealed the conviction and ordered the suppression of Miranda’s signed rape confession (Mason & Stephenson, 2007). The Court ruled that â€Å"the prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from custodial interrogation of the defendant unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination† (Warren, 1966) and the Sixth Amendment right to a legal counsel (Mason & Stephenson, 2007). This rule is what is now famously known as the ‘Miranda Warning.† This paper will discuss the Miranda v. Arizona Case; show how it violated the Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution; and tackle how the 1966 U.S. Supreme Court’s Miranda decision transformed the American judicial system. Critical analysis by this author will likewise be given. Miranda versus Arizona In 1963, Ernesto Miranda, a young, destitute and uneducated migrant from Mexico, was arrested by the Arizona Police for crimes of kidnapping and rape. ... The written confession was used in the trial. He was convicted of kidnapping and rape crimes and sentenced to 20-30 years imprisonment for each crime by the Arizona Supreme Court (Baker, 1985). Miranda’s legal defense appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court and revealed reasonable doubt regarding the elements of the said committed crime: the rape victim was unable to show evidence of resistance to Miranda during the said sexual assault; it was questionable if Miranda had fully understood his legal rights and had indeed â€Å"voluntarily† waived them. His lawyer disputed that the written confession should not have been allowed in the trial since he was not afforded appropriate protection to his rights as mandated by the U.S Constitution and the U.S. court laws (Gribben, 2011). Two years after, the U. S. Supreme Court overturned the conviction and ordered the inadmissibility of the signed confession. The Court ruled that the defendant should be fully knowledgeable of his ri ght to assistance of a legal counsel before or during the interrogation; aware of his right to remain silent; and reminded that any admitted statement may be used against him. The Court explained that police interrogation procedures are intimidating and could forcefully compel the individual to self-incrimination, especially without a defense lawyer present during the interrogation (Hendrie, 1997). Violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution The Fifth Amendment (right to self-incrimination) and the Sixth Amendment (right to the assistance of a defense counsel) are the legal privileges guaranteed to all individuals by the U.S. Constitution. Any confession made by an individual is inadmissible in court if it

Imformation based decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Imformation based decision making - Essay Example The importance of decision-making cannot be underestimated. Indeed, the success or failure of any business primarily depends on the quality of decisions made by the management. Most of the successful global cooperation’s are a reflection of good decision-making strategy. A lot of investment both in time and resources is directed towards the decision making process. However, it is important to note that making sound decisions primarily depends on the amount and quality of information at hand. This makes it important to consider information as one of the core requirements in sound decision making both at an individual and corporate level. This paper therefore discusses the different aspects of information-based decision-making. It seeks to discuss this topic within the realms of what has been covered in the course of management. However, extra knowledge on decision-making has also been mined from other sources. Information It is very futile to make any decision without profound background information regarding all the possible outcomes. This makes information the core requirement in making decision. There are different aspects of information that are worth discussing since they affect either directly or indirectly on the decision making process. There is a major difference between data and information. Data refers to facts or figures in their basic or raw form. For instance, 11, 32, 98, 58, 91, and 74 refers to data. Values such as ? 58.00, ?1200, ?223.50, and?558 refer to financial data. In both instances, the data does not make any meaning under any context (Black, 2009). However, the data can be processed to give it meaning. It is also important to note that processed data or information can fail to make meaning outside a given context. Information refers to data that has been organized such that it makes meaning within the context of consideration. Information can be either formal or informal. For information to be useful in decision-making, it has to be communicable to the relevant stakeholders, it must be presented in a language that users can understand without misinterpreting, it must be in a form that can be utilized, and finally it must be relevant to the subject of consideration. Information to be used in decision-making can be classified in two major categories. It can be either formal or informal. Formal information is usually presented in a familiar format, has a degree of relevance and accuracy, and uniquely structured. However, the information may be inflexible and may sometimes disregard sociological perspectives. On the other hand, informal information is quite flexible and more detailed though it may be inaccurate. Information and Law It is very imperative for any person using information-based decision making to understand that certain types of information have legal implications. This is more profound in business organizations. The law regulates many processes of handling information and as such, caution should b e exercised to ensure the entire legal infrastructure is respected. For instance, the Data Protection Act of 1998 was enacted to ensure that information is handled with caution to protect its integrity, privacy, and users. The data protection laws ensure that data handlers do not manipulate the data for personal or malicious reasons but instead use the data for the best interest of the subjects. While making business decisions, all legal parameters should be followed and information handled within the realms of the law. It is unethical to use data or information to make business decisions that are not permitted by the law. For example, a business may use information unlawfully to gain unfair advantage over other competitors. Although the decisions made from such information may seem exemplary, legal

Agile Software Development Methodologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agile Software Development Methodologies - Essay Example This paper presents an overview of the agile software development methodologies. The basic purpose of this research is to show that 'agile software development methodologies' are a superior design method that is why Scrum and XP rapidly emerging frameworks as  methodologies. This software development methodology is simple and much faster than all other traditional software development approaches. Basically, agile software development methodologies are based on iterations. In this scenario, small teams work jointly with other project stakeholders or customer to make out rapid prototypes, proof of concepts, or a wide variety of features in an attempt to classify the issue to be solved. In addition, the project team determines the necessary requirements for the iteration, develops the prototype, creates and runs suitable test scripts, and the user of the system authenticates the results of the tests. In the entire scenario, confirmation appears much earlier in the project development life cycle than it would with other traditional software development methodologies, and as a result allowing stakeholders to change requirements at the same time as they are still moderately painless to change (Serena, 2007; Rehman, ullah, Rauf, & Shahid, 2010). As discussed above, agile software development methodologies adopt the incremental and iterative way to improve the efficiency and usefulness of the overall software development process. ... bt, the customer’s contribution and active participation in the software development process helps software project teams build exact and high quality product. Another most important advantage of agile software development methodologies is that they do not engage a lot of documentation for the reason that the software development team depends almost completely on informal internal communication. In addition, agile software development methodologies offer an excellent support for the implementation of changes and continually revising any other stage of the software development process. Additionally, the outcomes of the agile software development methodologies come out in small incremental editions or releases keeping in mind the changing requirements of the project. If a change has been made to the existing requirements, then it is updated in the next iteration. Thus, the basic goal of agile software development methodologies is to give pleasure to the customers by satisfying t heir requirements at any stage of the project development life cycle (Rehman, ullah, Rauf, & Shahid, 2010; Boehm & Turner, 2003). In addition, the agile software development methodologies are aimed at effectively dealing with the changes throughout the software development process. For instance, agile development methodologies such as SCRUM, Feature-Driven Development, and eXtreme Programming (XP) intend to minimize the expenses of changes all the way through the software development life cycle. In this scenario, XP is based on the quick iterative planning and development cycles with the intention of forcing trade-offs and offering the utmost value characteristics as soon as possible. Also, XP incorporates a wonderful characteristic recognized as â€Å"constant and systemic testing† to

Personal Identity - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Personal Identity Philosophy Essay It is easy to see oneself as the same person we were ten, twenty, or fifty years ago. We can define identity through our physical presence, life experiences, memories, and mental awareness of self. One can testify our persistence as a person through our existence as a person. But what makes us the same person? In this paper, I will argue for the â€Å"simple† view of the persistence of identity – that it is impossible to determine what single thing that makes us the same person over time. I will support my claim with the refutation of the main complex view claims of the body, brain and psychological continuity criterion. Entrenched in the â€Å"simple† view is the idea that personal identity, and the persistence of personal identity, cannot be measured through philosophical discourse or scientific investigation. There are a number of opposing arguments, known as complex theories of personal identity. In each of these arguments, the central claim is that either the body, the brain, or the psychological continuity of an individual determines how they persist as the same person (Garrett, 1998, p 52). To call them complex is a misnomer – for each is far too narrow to properly define and explain personal identity. Complex argument 1– Psychological continuity John Locke defines a person as a ‘thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places’ (Locke, 1689, p 1-6). This statement suggests that, in order to persist as the same person, we must have a mental consciousness which persists through time. We can say that a person is psychologically continuous if they have a mental state that is descendent from their previous mental states. For example, this theory states that a five-year-old will be the same person when they are a 25-year-old, because their mental state in later years is descendent from their earlier years. Counter argument By its very nature, the idea of psychological continuity is flawed. It is not uncommon for an individuals mental state to be changed so drastically that they could not truly be considered the same person. Several examples have been made by Waller: sufferers of cognitive impairments such as dementia, people who have gone through stressful or traumatic situations, and war eterans that are affected by post-traumatic stress disorder (Waller, 2011, p 198-210). In any of these cases, it would be difficult to argue that the individual has a continuous mental state – more accurate would be to describe them as a â€Å"snap† or â€Å"break† that, effectively, creates a new person. The only conclusion is that these individuals do not persist, as their psychological states become radically different from their previous psychological states. Complex argument 2 – Persistence of the body Another expression of the complex view is the body criterion. Put simply, a person is said to persist if they exist in the same physical body over time. In this case, the previously mentioned dementia or PTSD sufferers would be considered the same people, as their physical body has continued. The theory suggests a â€Å"brute physical relation† between body and identity (Korfmacher, 2006). Without regard for mental state, an individual is considered to have a persistent personal identity as long as their body survives. Counter argument This theory lends itself easily to thought experiments, and they quickly expose some problems. If individual A receives an organ donation from individual B, can it be said that individual A has taken some of Bs identity? Surely not. It would be absurd to suggest that having the kidney or liver of another person would affect ones persistence as an individual. Similarly, if individual C had their body cloned, it would not make their clone the same person. There is much more to personal identity than can be defined by something so comparatively insignificant as the physical body. Complex argument 3 – Persistence of the brain The brain is the functional centre of the human body; the place where memories are stored, feelings are felt, and environmental signals are processed. It is unsurprising, therefore, that the brain is so often considered to be the â€Å"home† of personal identity. This theory is a staple of many science fiction texts – as a convention, the cognizant â€Å"brain in a jar† or brain transplant recipient is fairly common. Proponents of this â€Å"we are our brains† theory claim that, so long as the brain persists, so does the person. Counter argument This theory seems to refer to consciousness rather than the physicality of the brain, so it is important to make a clarification between the two. Julian Baggini suggests that we should view the relationship between consciousness and identity similarly to the relationship between a musical score and the paper it is written on (Baggini, 2005, pp. 112-114). In other words, the brain is simply a storage space for our memories, thoughts, and self-awareness. Should it not, therefore, be so that an individual could simply persist as a brain in a jar, provided they could be sustained in that state? If the entirety of personal identity is stored in the brain, there must be no need for the rest of the body beyond keeping the brain alive. Such a theory could not possibly be true – life experiences and interactions with the world are such an intrinsic part of identity that we could not persist without them. The theory that consciousness plays a significant role in the persistence of personal identity is appealing, but it can not be said that the brain alone could sustain consciousness. Conclusion  To call the simple view of the persistence of personal identity â€Å"simple† is almost deceptive; deep consideration on the subject quickly turns towards the complex. It is easy to grasp at the categories of body, brain, and mental state, but it would be wrong to say that the persistence of any of those equates to the persistence of an individual. Personal identity is something so much harder to define, and it is harder still to find definitive measures of its continuation. Personal identity is evasive, and fleeting; it is intangible, ever-changing. Its persistence is so much more than can be determined.

Diminishing Discrimination :: Essays Papers

Diminishing Discrimination Times are changing; people who used to be discriminated against are now starting to be treated with more equality and respect. The disrespect and abuse that the disabled community has gotten in the past is a very dark topic that comes with many sad and scary truths. There are many groups and laws at the present time that are helping this community grow. By integrating more disabled people into public services helps them gain a higher esteem for themselves. The abuse problem amongst the developmentally disabled still does exist today. The most controversial abuse problem happened behind closed doors, in the institutions. The one institution that was in Tucson was called Arizona Training Program Tucson (ATPT). In these such institutions, people with all many varieties of disabilities. This problem of institutional abuse was recognized for at least two centuries (Sobsey, 89). The term institutional abuse refers to neglectful, psychological, physical, an/or sexual abuse that took place in the managed institutional car of human beings (Sobsey, 89-90). Hearing stories from both the patients in these institutions to the workers is horrifying. Some of the things the staff would do to the patients: use heavy sedation, locks, restraints, sexually abuse them, take inappropriate pictures, time outs for long periods of time, and takedowns with several large staff. Other things that were done to the patients was doing the same r outine over and over never teaching new tasks, no outside contact, and no luxury items just bed dresser and clothes. Yes, ATPT was one of the better institutions there were. Many were worse. Institutional abuse is characterized by the extreme power iniquities that exist between staff and residents. In extreme cases, staff control when residents wake up, sleep, eat go to the bathroom, wash, communicate, exercise, rest, and virtually every other aspect of their lives. These extreme disempowerment of institutional residents is rationalized by the paradoxical notion of â€Å"good intentions† (Sobsey, 90). The public was hidden from the real truth till recently when they were shut down or changed into day programs and smaller residential settings, to be more like a home environment.

In this report I will start by exploring Essay

In this report I will start by exploring the history of the Computerised Tomography (CT) scanner and the technological advances which have made this type of medical imaging one of the most successful in its field. In addition, I will give a detailed explanation of the physics used to generate and manipulate a three-dimensional image. These images are used by physicians to diagnose cancers and vascular diseases or identify other injuries within the skeletal system, which can cause millions of deaths each year. This area of research has been chosen because I plan to enter the world of medicine in the next academic year. Medicine is constantly changing and developing. Cost containment and limitations reimbursed for high-tech studies such as CT and Magnetic Resonance imagining (MRI) are part of the future for the health care system. For CT to grow, or at least survive, it must provide more information than other imaging modalities in a cost-effective, time-efficient manner and at this present time it is able to achieve its aim. History: Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is also known as â€Å"CAT scanning† (Computed Axial Tomography). Tomography is from the Greek words â€Å"tomos† meaning â€Å"slice† and â€Å"graphia† meaning â€Å"describing†. The first CT scanner was invented in Britain by the EMI Medical Laboratories in 1973 and was designed by the engineer Godfrey N Hounsfield. Hounsfield was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to medicine and science. Figure 1. 0 (below left) show the first ever CT scanner produced, with its designer Hounsfield: Foster E. (1993) and Imaginis. com state that: â€Å"the first clinical CT scanners were installed between 1974 and 1976. † The original systems were dedicated to head imaging only, but â€Å"whole body† systems with larger patient openings became available in 1976. CT became widely available by about 1980. According to Imaginis. com, at this present time there are approximately 6,000 CT scanners in the United States and about 30,000 worldwide. However, it should be noted that many third-world counties do not have the financial capability to purchase CT scanners and as a result do not posses them. The first consignment of CT scanners developed by the EMI took several hours to acquire the data for a single scan. In addition, it would take days to reconstruct a single image from this raw data. Bell J.(2006), suggest that modern CT scanners can collect up to 4 slices of data in about 350ms and reconstruct a 512 x 512 matrix from millions of data in less than a second. Since its development 36 years ago CT has made advances in speed, patient comfort and resolution . A bigger volume can be scanned in less time and artefacts can be reduced as faster scans can eliminate faults caused from patient motion. Another advance took place in 1987. Bushong C. S (2004) suggests that, in the original CT scanners the x-ray power was transferred to the x-ray tube by high voltage cable; however modern CT scanners use the principle of slip ring. This is explained in more detail under ‘advances’. Figure 1. 1 (below right) shows what a modern CT scanner looks like. CT examinations are now quicker as well as being more patient-friendly. Much research has been undertaken in this field, which as a result has led to the development of high-resolution imaging for diagnostic purposes. In addition, the research has also reduced the risk of radiation by being able to provide good images at the lowest possible x-ray dose. Principles and Components of CT: CT scanners are based on the x-ray principle; x-rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves which are able to pass through the body. Roberts P. D (1990) states, that as they are absorbed or attenuated at different levels, they are able to create a matrix of differing strength. In x-ray machines this matrix is registered on film, whereas in the case of CT the film is replaced by detectors which measure the strength of x-ray. To understand how a CT scanner works in more detail, I shall start by looking at the equipment used. Firstly, we must analyse the basic components which make a CT scanner work. These are the gantry, operating console and a computer. Figure 1. 2 shows the order in which the information passes. Figure 1.2 shows only basic components; other components will be explained later in the course of this report. Arguably, the most important part of a CT scanner is the gantry. Gantry: According to Foster E (1993) and Impactscan. org, the gantry consists of an x-ray source. Opposite the x-ray source, on the other side of the gantry, is an x-ray detector. During a scan a patient will lie on a table which slides into the centre of the gantry until the part of the body to be scanned is between the x-ray source and detector. The x-ray machine and x-ray detector both rotate around the patient’s body, remaining opposite each other. As they rotate around, the x-ray machine emits thin beams of x-rays through the patient’s body and into the x-ray detector. Figure 1. 3 shows the inside of a gantry. The detectors detect the strength of the x-ray beam that has passed through the body. The denser the tissues, the less x-rays pass through. The x-ray detectors feed this information into a computer as shown is Figure 1. 3. Different types of tissue with different densities show up in a picture on the computer monitor as different colours or shades of grey. Therefore, an image is created by the computer of a ‘slice’ (cross- section) of a thin section of a body. Before advancing any further we must understand the physics behind this process. X-ray tube: The X-ray tube inside the gantry (figure 1. 4) produces the X-ray beams by converting electrical energy into an electromagnetic wave. Graham T. D (1996) and Bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2 suggest that, this is achieved by accelerating electrons from an electrically negative cathode towards a positive anode. As the electrons hit the target they are decelerated quickly, causing them to lose energy which is converted into heat energy and X-rays. The anode and cathode form a circuit which is completed by the flow of electrons through the vacuum of the tube. The basic layout of an X-ray tube is shown below (figure 1. 4). Figure 1. 4 shows that a high voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode. This very high potential is supplied by a high-voltage generator. The high voltage is the provider of the electrical energy needed for conversion and thus production of X-ray beams. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. In 1831, Faraday discovered that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of wire, electrical current flows in the wire. Three-phase Generator: Three-phase generators are typical of CT scanners. Ogborn J. (2001) and koehler. me. uk, state that this process can be thought of as three phase AC generators combined into one. The poles of the permanent rotating armature magnet swing past each of the non-permanent stator magnets. This induces an oscillating voltage across each of the three coils. Figure 1. 5 shows a three phase generator. As we can see from figure 1. 5, each of the three coils has a wire leading from it. These three wires join together to form the purple wire that leads to the purple terminal see from figure 1. 5 As the three separate coils are arranged 120i apart, the oscillations of each of these are 120i out phase. This means the purple (or neutral) wire can be quite thin since the different phases add up to approximately zero. The potential difference generated needs to be high; high potential difference has a number of advantages in CT scanners. High potential difference reduces bone attenuation (greater penetration) allowing wider range of image (larger grey scale as bone is not merely white as on normal x-ray- (this will be explained later). In addition, the higher the radiation intensity at the detectors in the gantry, the better the information acquired. Gantry: The Collimator: In this section we shall look at the gantry (figure 1. 3) in more detail. Figure 1. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of the inside of a gantry. According to Foster E (1993), inside the gantry is a beam restrictor called, collimator. Beam restrictors are lead obstacles placed near to the anode of the X-ray tube (figure 1. 4) and are used to control the width of the X-ray beam allowed to pass through the patient. Beam restrictors are needed as they keep patient exposure to a minimum and also reduce scattered rays. This is very important as X-rays are produced by a centre spot on the anode; they are not all produced at the same point. In addition, restrictors also maintain beam width travelling through the patient, which as a result affects the image quality (stronger beam means better image). The most effective form of a beam restrictor is a collimator. This is situated in front of the X-ray tube and consists of two sets of four sliding lead shutters which move independently to restrict the beam. The Filters: By looking at figure 1. 6 we can see another apparatus positioned between the collimator and the X-ray tube. This is the filter and its job is to remove the long wavelength X-rays produced from the X-ray tube. Impactscan. org suggests that, the X-ray tube produces radiation which consists of long and short wavelengths. However, the filter removes long wavelength radiation as this does not play a role in CT image formation, but increases patient dose. We know that long wavelength radiation is less energetic, and as a result passes through the body and cannot be detected.    Furthermore, a person who is very large may not fit into the opening of a conventional CT scanner or may be over the weight limit for the moving table. This could possibly be the next technological advancement in CT scanners. Advantages: The main advantage of CTs is that a short scan time of 600 milliseconds to a few seconds can be used for all anatomic part of the body. This is a big advantage especially for people who are claustrophobic. In addition, it is painless, non-invasive and accurate. As CT scans are fast and simple, in emergency cases they can reveal internal injuries and bleeding quickly enough to help save lives. Also, in this period of economic recession the CT has shown to be cost-effective imaging tool for a wide range of clinical problems. Comparing CT to its competitors the MRI scan, CT is less sensitive to patient movement and can be performed even if the patient has an implanted medical device, unlike MRI. At the present time the CT scanner is superior to the MRI scanner. MRIs are bigger machines, with much more sensitive electronics in addition to requiring bigger support structures to operate them. To sum that all up- MRI machines cost more and this could be the underlying reason that CT are used more than MRI scans. Finally, a diagnosis determined by CT scanning may eliminate the need for exploratory surgery. Risks: The main risk of CT is the chance of cancer from exposure to radiation. The radiation ionises the body cells which mutate when they replicate and form a tumour. However, the benefits of an accurate diagnosis outweigh the risks. In our recent study of ionisation radiation we have learned about the unit of Sievert. Radiologyinfo. org states that a radiation dose from this procedure ranges from 2 to 5 mSV, which is approximately the same as the background radiation received in 4 years. The main risk of CT scanner is cancer; however this is only if they are used excessively. Research for the New Scientist suggests that the risk is very small and the benefits greatly weight it. Summary: In this report I started by looking at the history behind the CT scan and how this medical imaging has taken the science world by storm. I then explained the basic principles behind the scanner. As understanding of these principles grew, we were then led into the physics and a more in depth explanation. The different components of the CT were explained in detail such as the three-phase generator and how an x-ray tube works. This links in with our recent study of physics. During the report we were also able to understand how slip ring and thus helical scanning has proven to be a major advance is this field. Once again, the physics behind this was explained in some detail. The report concluded by looking at the various applications, advantages and risks. The medical imaging world is constantly changing and improving like any field of medicine. Companies are always trying to produce imaging machines which are faster, more accurate, more economical and present less risk to the patient. Therefore, the life span of the CT scanner could be limited with its competitors waiting to emerge in the background. The information in this report is very factual and accurate. I used a variety of sources to obtain the information. Most of the information in this coursework is attained from universities and radiology books. In addition, well-known articles were used from the monthly radiology magazine, ‘Synergy’ as well as information from the ‘New Scientist’ and ‘Nature’. Synergy is the biggest radiography magazine in the UK, which makes me believe that the information obtained it accurate. In addition, ‘New Scientist’ and ‘Nature’ are well established titles which more often than not provide accurate information. The websites I used are all recommended by The University of Hertfordshire to its undergraduates in radiography. This means they are also reliable sources of information. In addition, I also used a number of well recognised radiology books. By using different sources of information, I was able to eliminate any bias or inaccurate information provided in some sources. To sum up, I believe the information provided is accurate and reliable. Bibliography: Book References > Allday J, Adams S (2000) Advanced Physics. Oxford University Press > Ball J, More D. A (2006) Essential Physics for Radiographers. Blackwell Publishing > Bushong C. S (2004) Radiologic Science for Technologist. Mosby Inc > Duncan T, (1987) Physics; A Textbook for Advanced Level Students. John Murray > Elliott A, McCormick A (2004) Health Physics. Cambridge University Press > Foster E (1993) Equipment for Diagnostic Radiographer. MTP Press Limited > Graham T. D (1996) Principles of Radiological Physics. Churchill Livingstone. > Ogborn et al (2000) Advancing Physics A2. Institute of Physics > Roberts P. D, Smith L. N (1990) Radiographic Imaging. Churchill Livingstone > Thompson C, Wakeling J (2003) AS Level Physics. Coordinate Group Publication. On Line References > Figure 1. 0 obtained from, www. catscanman. net > Figure 1. 1 obtained from, www. mh. org. au > Figure 1. 3 and Figure 1. 4 obtained from, www. impactscan. org/slides > Figure 1. 5 obtained from, www. koehler. me. uk > Figure 1. 6 and Figure 1. 7 obtained from www. impactscan. org/slides > Figure 1. 8 obtained from, www. itnonline. net. > Figure 1. 9 and Figure 2. 0 obtained from www. sprawls. org/resources > Figure 2. 1 obtained from, www. csmc. edu > Figure 2. 2 and Figure 2. 3 obtained from, www. sprawls. org/resources > Figure 2. 4, Figure 2. 5 and Figure 2. 6 obtained from www. impactscan. org/slides > www. radiologyinfo. org (25 February 2009) > www. imaginis. com/ct-scan/ (12 March 2009) > www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2 (15 February 2009) > www. impactscan. org/slides (12 March 2009) > www. sprawls. org/resources (14 March 2009) Other References > Synergy Magazine > New Scientist Magazine > Nature Magazine.